On Writing and Drawing

February 23, 2014

I noticed that Robert’s most important advantage of being taught many, so-called, academic skills, was that he was simultaneously learning something else, something more basic, and thus much more difficult to teach.
For instance, when I was teaching Robert to add numbers with regrouping the most important benefit was that he was exercising and improving (?) his working memory.
When I was teaching Robert the meaning of words: “south, north”, it was to help him learn such basic words like “up” and “down”.. While teaching Robert to print and, later, to write in cursive I was aware that he was simultaneously appropriating concepts related to the basic shapes and directions. While “typical” learners might use those very basic skills to learn more advanced concepts, for my son, the opposite was true. It is a process of learning/teaching a rebours. Most of the typically developing youngster use what they know and/or what they see in the picture to draw a similar one. Robert is copying pictures as a way to SEE them, to notice important characteristics.

This morning, Robert wrote a check to pay for his ski lesson. He printed all the letters including those in his signature. In the evening, he practiced writing capital letters in a simplified cursive as they were presented in Handwriting without Tears. Later, he wrote summary of his winter vacation activities using cursive. Every time he had to use a capital letter, he consulted with the page, he had just finished. It seemed such a great achievement and yet…..
Copying simple drawing is still a huge problem for Robert. The proportions and the angles are very challenging for him. Not once, I asked myself, “How it can be that Robert can write relatively well but is unable to complete a simple drawing even when he has a model in front of him?” He might have a sequence of steps needed to complete the picture, but the end result is a far cry from the “original” drawing.
To teach Robert to print letters, his private school and I used Sensible Pencil program. It seemed to match exactly Robert’s needs: his difficulties with slant segments, difficulties stopping at the corners resulting in curves instead of verticies, and a few other issues. A couple of years later, he completed two volumes of Write from the Start by Ion Teodorescu and Lois M. Addy. Drawing curvy lines, sharply connected segments inside and outside of other shapes seemed to be a good way to address some of the problems Robert had with copying drawing and at the same time preparing him for cursive writing. I suspect that there were many additional benefits of that skill like improving eye-hand coordination, learning to plan and execute movements…
Except, I did not plan on teaching Robert cursive at all. It seemed to be unnecessary skill. He could print letters and he could type them too. So what would be the point of cursive? Moreover, I simply didn’t like American cursive. It was so different from printed letters. No wonder the whole year of practice was devoted to cursive at schools. I was never taught to print. I learned cursive from the start. Except it was a very simple one. Just like the one I found in Handwriting without Tears
For the reason I don’t understand, at some point, Robert’s writing became very messy. His printed letters were written too fast, with too light a pressure placed on the pencil. They were both messy and hardly visible. Sizes and shapes fluctuated in almost every word. Robert simply didn’t pay attention and didn’t care.
Instead of reteaching Robert the same skill, I decided to teach him cursive. In a simple, straight manner. No slant writing!
As Robert was slowly learning simplified cursive, his printing also got better.
But not his drawing.
In the past, Robert used many books for young kids to learn to draw animals by following three to six steps. I don’t think however, he internalized those steps. Besides, the goal was not to learn (YET) to draw a specific animal, but to learn to copy the lines, reproduce angles, got an idea about proportion. For the last couple weeks Robert has been drawing people with the help of I Can Draw People by Ray Gibson and Amanda Barlow. Robert draws one part of the picture a day (one person or one object), after he finishes the whole picture, he colors it, shows it to his dad and then they proudly attaches it to the refrigerator. So far, he completed three pictures – a soccer game scene, ocean diving scene, and skiing scene. And he is still drawing.
Well, copying.

Coloring with IPAD

Almost two weeks ago, I left on the table two pages from a long gone workbook. On each page, there were six or seven drawings of tropical animals.
Robert saw the pages and wanted to learn, whatever there was to learn from them. Except, I didn’t know what I could teach using these pictures. So I kept putting them away hoping to match them later with other materials addressing life in the tropical forest.
But for Robert, if the worksheets are out of the folder, then they have to be used in learning. To my surprise, he tolerated not completing them (there was really nothing to complete, as they were just drawings) for a few days, but last Saturday afternoon, he stood his ground. As I was busy preparing dinner, he followed me with those pages demanding in half-speech, half gestures that I teach him something from those pages. It was really annoying.
Luckily, Robert had an IPAD, which we used sparingly in the past to find information about new concepts/words/things.
In the previous months, with my help, Robert, used the search button to find out how teal, coral, or magenta looked like, what was Saint Andreas fault, and a few other things.
This Saturday, I decided to use IPAD to “complete” the worksheets. I asked Robert to find the first animal, Jaguar, on his IPAD and color it accordingly to the image on the screen. I assisted Robert while he was searching, and I returned to the kitchen while he was coloring. Twice or three times. Then I noticed that Robert didn’t need my help anymore. He kept typing, searching, and coloring until 14 out of 15 animals wore proper colors on their bodies.
The exception was the poisonous dart frog. The images Robert found on his IPAD had many different colors. Since the IPAD couldn’t give him proper directions, Robert decided to use his common sense. It was a frog so it had to be green. And it was.

Because I didn’t have too much time, I provided minimum of instruction, but Robert responded with maximum independence. That is a result which shouldn’t be ignored.

Tea Almost Together

A few weeks ago, I attended workshop on issues related to executive function. It was a nice review of the topic I was already familiar with. What was new for me and quite interesting was what the presenter said almost on the margin of the main topic. She remember her former Quaker School which held weekly hour of silence. The oldest children came to the hall first and stayed for the full hour. The youngest came last and remained for only a few minutes.
If this digression caught my attention it was because,that is precisely what Robert needs. Staying a few minutes silently, without moving, without watching TV, without asking for one of the same thing over and over. A few minutes to just look around, contemplate (sort of), and try to be at peace with himself.
Of course I knew that even five minutes of sitting and doing nothing would be too much. Although in the past, I frequently gave Robert a choice, “Robert do you want to study or do nothing?” and he kept answering, “Do nothing.”, he really didn’t mean that. Neither did I. I wanted Robert to leave me alone for a few minutes and Robert wanted to just watch Netflix or DVD.
“Do nothing”,meant that I wouldn’t have to do anything with Robert.
That was by the way one of the most useful phrases I stole from Winnie the Pooh.
So I tried to keep Robert seated for a minute, maybe two. Very hard. For him and for me. I gave up. For now.
Yesterday, after we finished shoveling the snow, I asked Robert if he wanted hot tea. Without really thinking, he said, “Yes.”
So, I made hot tea for the three of us, took it to living room, to drink it together. Not the dinner, where everybody is kept at the table by the abundance of food, but the drink Robert doesn’t even like too much. The drink you sip between periods of light conversation,
or silence. It had to be very awkward for Robert. He ran away a few times, only to be called back. He had many excuses to get up: bathroom, tissue, taking a teaspoon back to the kitchen sink. But for the most of the fifteen minutes he was with us and he drank all his hot tea.

First Victory. Shoveling the Snow

This winter offered us, Robert’s parents, many opportunity to clear our driveway from snow.  We had all kinds of snow from light, fluffy, but more than a foot high to thin, soaked with rain, and very heavy.  Our driveway, placed between two retaining walls, is now surrounded by tall mounds of shoveled snow.  In previous years, from time to time, we asked Robert to help.  He was not thrilled.  With a lot of nagging, he moved a shovel a few times in varied directions and left.  We didn’t mind.  After all, with Robert outside, the shoveling took more energy and more time.

This year, however, Jan and I, made it our goal to teach Robert how to help his aging parents.  But to do so, we had to plan well. The expectation should be clear. Jan and I had to divide our responsibilities. Every time we wanted Robert to help, I went outside first to prepare the work station for him. I made a path parallel to the retaining wall, two – three feet away from it.   Jan had more difficult job to do.  He had to convince Robert to dress warmly and help us. That took a lot of persuasions, enticing, and even bribing. Nonetheless, Jan managed and Robert was ready to help.

But to the point.

The first time, we asked Robert to push the snow toward the side of the driveway only ten times.   He was not happy , but he did it.  Then he went home.  After 15 minutes, Jan brought him back and asked Robert to do the same thing again.  Robert did that as I counted to ten. Then, left in a hurry. Probably, he  didn’t want to give us a chance to ask him again.

It had to be said, that although we paid some attention to Robert when he was working, we didn’t provide constant support. Jan was removing frozen snow from the street end of the driveway, I worked on the other side. We all had our own jobs to do.  I think, that was an important part, as it helped Robert on his path to independence later on.

The second time, Jan persuaded Robert to come and help just as I finished the “work station” digging again the path two feet away from one side of the driveway. This time, we asked Robert to push the snow all the way from the home to the street. We didn’t have to count, nonetheless the goal was clear.  Robert stopped a few times, but encouraged to go on, he finished that job.

The third time, he not only finished his assignment (the same as before) but “assisted” his father” in cleaning the car.  It was rather chaotic endeavor, and I did not think much about it, until today…

This morning, we had around 6 inches of snow.  It wasn’t heavy, and it wasn’t fluffy.  Just right for shoveling. I made a path, yet again.  Robert and Jan came sooner than I expected.  Jan gave him a broom and Robert independently and diligently swept all the snow from the car.  without any help from his father who as always went to deal with the icy snow at the street side.  After Robert finished with the car, he removed all the snow between the path I had just finished making and the mounds of snow on one side of the driveway.  This time he was throwing the snow high, on top of the mounds.  When he was done, we encouraged him to go home and rest, but he didn’t want to.  As long as we, his parents, were working, he had to be with us.  He scrubbed the ice off the car, removed the remaining snow on one side of the car, and looked around to find what else had to be done.

Like the captain of the ship, Robert had to be the last to leave his post.  Only when Jan and I entered home, Robert assembled all the shovels in a right way (Not like we did it, which was obviously wrong.), closed the garage door, and came home.

Put them in Order

As long as I have been working with Robert using haphazardly chosen workbooks, we kept encountering tasks that required putting words in alphabetical orders.  At first, they were easy.  Three words with different first letters. It became exponentially more difficult when the problems required learner to look at the first, second and the third letter in the word. When that happened, I helped Robert as much as it was needed to complete the task. I wrote the alphabet on top of the page.  I underlined the first letters in each word. If the first letters were the same, I circled the second ones.  If those were identical, I placed  lines over the third letters in the words…

Although I  tried to expose him to that skill so he could form general idea, I did not expect Robert to learn it.

I felt, the skill was too complex, and would require detailed programing. Besides,  with the arrivals of IPADs dictionaries,  placing words or sets of letters in an alphabetical order seemed obsolete.

But, we still have libraries  where the books are assigned positions on the shelves based on their  specific codes.  To find a book or to return the book to its proper place, one has to have both dictionary skills and number skills.

Robert and I spent considerable amount of time comparing numbers.   We didn’t spent much time on alphabetical order.  That is until now…

In the Writing Extension workbook, a part of the Reasoning and Writing, Part C curriculum, I found many pages devoted to just this skill.  They start with a list of words with different first letters and slowly progress to more complex lists.  Step by step. There are lists of words with the same first letters, but different second letters.  There are words that start with one out of two letters, but their second letters are different.

Sadly, this step by step approach was still not sufficient for Robert. However,  completing the series of lists, let me realize which step is the most difficult for him to take and what additional practice is required for Robert to master the skill.

The power of a good curriculum is not only that it results in student’s independence, but that it also makes better and more independent teachers. Even if that is a DIRECT INSTRUCTION PROGRAM.

A few day after writing this post, Robert and I found a new opportunity ( or rather a need.)to use alphabetical skills.
We were using self check register at the Stop and Shop Supermarket. Robert smoothly passed all the items throught the machine turning their bar codes towards the reader and then stopped. An eggplant did not have a bar code. It didn’t even have pin. And thus Robert was presented with a task of finding eggplant on a proper screen. To find a proper screen, Robert had to decide which group of letters placed o the different screen buttons included “e”. His pointer was moving sideways in then proximity of the button with “c- g” on it. Still Robert was a little hesitant in touching it, as if he wasn’t sure if what he had learned at home reallycluld be applied in this real life situation. Finally, he went for it, and soon found a picture of an egplant on the screen.

Still Learning Together

I have neglected writing on these pages.  But I have not neglected learning and teaching Robert.

1. Everyday, Robert is copying pictures of people from a little book   I Can Draw People.  The pictures are very simple.  They are mainly basic shapes connected together  with some extensions and additions.  For last three days, Robert copied twice the picture of a soccer player, added a gallery of spectators, and started coloring. Maybe, he will finish today.  In the past, we spent a lot of time on copying different pictures.  Usually, after Robert was done, he took he drawing to a recycle bin.  That of course is not a good outcome as it demonstrates how Robert treats his artwork.  But then, since  he just concentrated on drawing only one object, there was not much to the picture itself.  It is different this time around.  I hope that today Robert will hang his picture on the refrigerator.

2. Three days ago, we started reading My first Book of Nature, How Living Things Grow by Dweight Kuhn. Every day we spend 5 minutes looking at pictures and reading short paragraphs related to them. There are not many new facts for Robert to learn from this book.  But the great pictures might fill the gap in his understanding of some of the words.  Moreover, bringing together pages about different living things might result in Robert better appreciating of the richness of the nature that surrounds us all.

3.  Every few days, Robert reads two very short texts (one paragraph each) from Power Practice Science grades 3-4. After reading, he answer simple questions either related to the text or requiring additional knowledge.  The workbook is rather dry.  I am using it instead of a curriculum.  I simply don’t know what to teach and this workbook shows me the topics and general direction.  I use, however, many books I bought over the years, as a main tool in teaching.  For instance, before Robert read a short paragraph Structure of the Earth, he and I looked at two colorful pictures (one from a pop-out book The Earth Pack  by Ron van der Meer , and one  from a flap book Amazing Earth by Heather Maisner)

4. We continue with Reasoning and Writing level C . On some days, I ask Robert to just talk and on some days to write, what he said.  At this time we are concentrating on Robert noticing small differences in what people do, where they are, or what they wear.  With the help of those pictures, Robert builds sentences that would first address the difference, and then they would state the main things the characters do. For instance: Robert has to notice that the character X in the first picture (A) has a parrot on his shoulder, and in picture B does not.  That should lead to a sentence, “X has a parrot on his shoulder.”  Then, Robert notices that in both pictures the character A is opening a treasure chest, the fact that Robert  should describe in the next  sentence.  And so on.  It has been a struggle to build sentences that address the differences.

5. And of course, we still work on Saxon Math, level 4, repeating it yet again.  All computations come easy, everything else needs prompts. For different problems, different prompts.  For finding an average of a few numbers in a math problem, it suffices that I emphasize the word, “average”.  For balancing a checkbook knowing interests and service fee, I would have to write on a separate page that interests we add, the service fee we subtract.  Of course, Robert doesn’t know that, as I still failed to practice that skill in his real checkbook.   For Robert to find the estimate of 5 times 78, I would have to start with drawing a horizontal line.  Robert, then, places 70 and 80 on both ends of that line and 75 in its center.  He decides that 80 is a better approximation of 78 and  without difficulties chooses the right answer, 400.  But without me drawing this horizontal line, Robert wouldn’t know what to do.  When he has to find the value of a mixed number A presented on the number line with each unit divided into small parts, I would began counting those parts from 0 to 1.  Robert continues to  find into how many parts the unit was divided and what is the denominator. After that,he doesn’t have problems finding that for instance A = 3 and 2/5. I still don’t know how to make Robert rely on his memory and his own deductions and not on my prompting.

Hopefully, I will learn, and so might he.

Pictures for Thinking

When four years ago, I saw for the first time SRA curriculum Reasoning and Writing  by Siegfried Engelmann and Jerry Silbert, I was thrilled as I felt that I found the greatest tool for teaching thinking.  I was also mad that nobody (NOBODY!!)  mentioned that program before.  In the past years, Robert and I completed the first two parts A and B. Robert should have been introduced to that program when he was 10 or 12 or 14.  But he wasn’t.  He was past his 18th birthday when we started working on part A and then B.   Not that he mastered them.  For Robert, parts A and B were harder than  part C, we are doing now.  Second time around.  I will certainly return to the previous parts, but only after we complete most of the of the part C. Because it is the easiest one for Robert and because it seems priceless to me. I don’t mean  the elements of grammar (parts of speech, punctuation etc) which are also introduced there in a solid, easy, and systematic way.  I mean, something more important for Robert:  forming sentences based on pictures and limited bank of words.

1. Writing a short paragraph starting with a general sentence about what characters in the picture did, and following with details about each character’s action.  The bank of words follows the picture and helps the learner focus.

2. Comparing two similar pictures to find differences in small details and then build paragraph that would include details from one picture but not from the other.

3. Writing the sentences about what  happened between the  two situations presented in “before and after” pictures.

4. Following the sequence of pictures to tell the story  – again with the bank of words for support.

And of course, there is more than that.  Much more.

As I mentioned this is the second time, we work on Part C.   It is because before, neither Robert nor I really grasped most of the concepts which this book presents. In other words, it is  I who didn’t understand this textbook as a tool to teach foreign language.  But that what this curriculum is.  Connecting pictures with words.  Translating pictures into words, and then imagining invisible pictures that complete the scenes presented by other images and using words to “paint” it.  Translating images into words and words into images.

In the past, Robert always wrote the responses on the paper.  Now he does it only 50% of the time.  Another 50% he “talks”.  He strings words painfully into sentences.  But although he misses or mispronounces some words or syllables,  he, nonetheless,  tells what he sees, what he assumes, what  meaning he construes from the sequence of pictures.  He tells what he thinks.

On the Crossroads

I am quickly approaching my 60tiest birthday and Robert is approaching his 22nd.  In a few weeks he will leave the school and enter  adulthood (by name only) for which he is not prepared. I cannot help but look back and bitterly analyze all those lost days, weeks, months,  and even years that depleted me of energy and destroyed my health without really leading to positive changes in the way my son was “educated” at his schools. I tried to use all the venues: talking to teachers, administrators, school committee members, asking  for the advice the Federation for Children with Special Needs, attending SEPAC meetings, using parents internet lists, complaining to the Education Departments (state and federal), using mediation, filing for the hearing with the BSEA , contacting SPEDEX, and writing to local newspapers.   There were sometimes positive results but there were so miniscule (as I kept accepting less and less) and they never lasted longer than a few months, sometimes just a few days.

Of course, there are those who kept advising me not to look back but plan for the better future.  Unfortunately, the future is dark and cloudy.

It is the result of Robert not having sufficient opportunity to learn being in group, working with a team, learning social skills, and using his not so small vocabulary to communicate with others.  Those are the things I couldn’t teach him at home in one on one setting. So Robert enters the adulthood alone.

It is also the result of the first impression Robert leaves on many people who give him a very little chance to demonstrate his wonderful, rich but complex personality. They place him in an artificially designed category and Robert, ever complacent, remains there and acts accordingly.

As Robert visits, for a couple of hours a week, three different programs (Yes, it is just two hours in each) I feel as powerless as ever.  Rightly or not, I do feel misinformed and, well, manipulated. There are factors used by others in determining my son’s future that I am not aware of and they not necessarily relate to my son’s characteristics.

I cannot really plan for the future when I feel the ballast of lost chances, and very dim lights ahead.

After Winter Break

This year, it took me much longer to get back on track with teaching Robert. It was the first winter break in at least 10 years during which we didn’t do any desk (I mean” dining table) work.  Of course with his sister and his grandmother coming for almost two weeks and his dad having a few days off, the house was full of people who could engage Robert.  But, of course, sometimes it took a little nagging.  Anyway, Robert was busy with others and found ways to occupy himself.

His main concern, however, was to clean the dishes, decorations, napkins, and tablecloth of the table and reinstate a few piles of teaching materials on top of it.  He didn’t mind removing textbooks, workbooks, a ruler, a pencil and an eraser from the table and setting it for almost daily celebrations. As soon, however, as the chairs around the table became empty, he returned the table to its main function – place of learning.

But no, Robert really didn’t want to study.  When once I suggested that, he replied, “Later, later.” and disappeared in the den downstairs.  I did not insist.  Besides, Robert helped a lot during that time – washing and folding laundry, sometimes washing dishes, and changing beds when needed.  Reluctantly, he also helped with snow shoveling, following methodically the pattern demonstrated by his father.  He played a new board game with his sister, build gingerbread village and a gingerbread carousel with her.  He went to movies twice and twice he went skiing.  Once to Sunapee Mountain in New Hampshire and once to Killington in Vermont.  That trip included, Robert’s favorite activity, staying in a hotel with a pool.  He went to New York with us.  After he visited Rockefeller Plaza, he went to Polish restaurant in Brooklyn and drove with us to the Kennedy Airport.  Yes, he was busy.

The reason, however, why we did not jump into learning as soon as possible didn’t have anything to do with how busy HE was.  It didn’t even have anything to do with how busy I was.  It had everything to do with my sort of altered state of mind.

I felt lost.

I lost the drive to work.

I doubted if our work was  important.

I was overwhelmed by how much skills Robert still needed.

I was lost.

So although Robert dutifully, cleaned the table after every family meal and put back all educational materials, I took a break.  Maybe too long.  It was harder for me than for Robert to go back to our routines.  But we did it.

Slowly, in short intervals, we resumed our study time.

Because it is important.

Because Robert needs a lot of skills.

Because, if I didn’t do it, who would?

Thinking in Pictures

Many years ago, I read a book about psychology of mathematical discovery.  I don’t remember its title.  I read it in Polish translation and have already forgotten most of it.  I think it was through that book that I was introduced to the concept of thinking in pictures or visual thinking.  According to my memory, it was Poincaré who talked about thinking in pictures.  Those were not classical pictures, however, but hard to  describe, vague shapes/spots.  And yet, those hazy smudges led the mathematician to the discovery of a new rule/theorem. The author stated that the hardest part of that process was to find words that would precisely translate those images into theorems.

A couple of days ago, I attended a presentation on modes of learning.  According to the presenter there are four of them: auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and mixed.  The presentation did not have anything with Poincaré and his way of thinking.  If anything it vaguely related to the way people learn new facts and skills.

But it occurred to me, that it might be quite possible that Robert not just learns new things with all kinds of visual support but that he might indeed THINK in images and that those images are impossible to be  translated into concise sentences.

Those images are not depicting new concepts and high level mental operations, but they are dealing with Robert’s environment and his day-to-day observations and experiences. But they are as difficult to express in words as the images that led Poincaré to new discoveries.

Sometimes in the evenings, when he is in the bathtub or his bed, Robert “sings” softly and desolately inarticulate sounds.  Their lonesome melancholy penetrates my conscience and breaks my heart.