On Simplicity of a Good Teaching 2

Yesterday, Robert had a therapeutic riding lesson at Bridge Center.   During the previous lesson, Robert was doing what he always does.  His instructor, Kate, asked him to keep the reins higher, not on the horse’s back.  As always Robert listened.  He raised his hands a little higher and after a few seconds… lowered them to a previous position.  It is not that Robert did not listen.  He listened every time! He put his hands higher, then he… lowered them.

As I watched Robert, (still during the previous lesson) it occurred to me, that Robert didn’t understand for how long he had to hold the reins above the horse’s back.  He didn’t have measurable unit of time that would give him a clue.  I suggested to Kate, to ask Robert to hold the reins for as long as he counts to ten.  I am not sure, if this suggestion worked or not.  I simply forgot to ask after the lesson.  Yesterday, however, Kate, gave Robert much better instruction.  She told him to hold reins until he reaches the letter A displayed on the arena’s wall.

That was IT!.

She repeated  similar instruction:  hold your hands up until letter C, until letter B, until Robert held his hands properly almost all the time.  He was not only riding properly.  He also understood what the instructor’s words “hold the reins up” meant in the context of his riding.

Yet again I witnessed the version of the same approach to designing instruction:

1. Define the problem

The problem was that Robert kept the reins very low, with his hands touching horse’s back

2.Design instruction to address it, the same way you would form a scientific hypothesis.

Tell him and/or demonstrate to him  proper position of hands.

3.Check it in practice.

It worked only for a very short time just after the instructor gave Robert this direction. Then Robert lowered his hands  down.

4. If it doesn’t work make corrections, or redefine the problem.

Since the verbal instruction and  demonstration did not work, find a prompt that would be delivered to Robert during the prolonged period of time.  For instance counting how long the hands should be up.

5. Even when it works, think about improving it.

Providing more easy to follow visual cues such as in a request,  ” Hold your hands higher until you reach letter A.”

This is precisely the same structure of developing a proper instruction as the one I have just described while talking about the skiing lesson. That supports my believe that a good teaching is a simple but a thoughtful process.

On Simplicity of a Good Teaching

 

Last Sunday (March 24 ) Robert had another skiing lesson at NEHSA.  The instructors, Denise and Brian, tried to find a way for Robert to change the position of his legs from  “pizza” to “spaghetti”.  Robert skis very fast but his legs are locked in a wedge position. This arrangement allows him to feel more in control.  When, however, he has to go on a narrow and, as I was told, winding trail, Robert without any additional directions, brings his ski together to almost parallel position.  Unfortunately, Williamson Trail, is not often open.  The instructors tried to have Robert hold a stick by both hands in front of him.  For some reasons, this did not work very well.  During the morning part of the lesson, Robert zigzagged on left and right sides of orange cones.  During the afternoon lesson, the instructors devised another  plan. They went back on a relatively easy (for Robert)  wide trail and  skied on both sides of Robert, but as far away from him, as the trail allowed.  While skiing down, Robert had to travel  from Denise to Brian and back to give them “five”.  The need to make frequent turns required that Robert keeps his skis in parallel position.  His legs were still rather far from each other, but they were PARALLEL!

My husband, who followed them, took a short video on his phone.  I could see Robert gliding from one side of the slope to another. He must have felt happy. I would if I had  been there.   I don’t ski myself.  Because of my childhood polio, I  have never even entertained that possibility.  At NEHSA,  a vast army of experienced volunteers, and all sort of special equipment (including over 50 seating skis for skiers with many kinds of spinal injuries) it would be worth considering.  But…

When I talked to instructors after the lesson, I realized the simplicity of a good teaching:

1. Define the problem

The problem was that Robert kept his feet in a wedge position all the time

2.Design instruction to address it, the same way you would form a scientific hypothesis.

Tell him and/or demonstrate to him  a parallel position.

3.Check it in practice.

It worked only for a short time when Robert was required to walk, or only for a few seconds at the beginning of the ride.  As soon as Robert went down the slope, he went back to his favorite pose.

4. If it doesn’t work make corrections, or redefine the problem.

Since the verbal instruction and  demonstration did not work, find a prompt that would be delivered to Robert throughout the whole length of the trail like   the cones requiring zigzagging.

5. Even when it works, think about improving it.

Telling  Robert to give the instructors “five” was an improvement  comparing to zigzagging between cones.  It was more visible and concrete prompt. Paying attention to the positions of his instructors, and giving them “five” offered an additional benefit that addressed directly the core issues related to Robert’s form of autism.

Of course, at some point the prompts have to be changed or removed, but that is another story for another skiing season.

Tell Us a Happy Story or Keep Quiet

They do happen.  The happy events happen from time to time. There are some positive outcomes sometimes, somewhere.  They might be temporary or they might be permanent.  But they are rare despite  the relative proliferation of such stories in all sorts of media. Any story about “recovery” from autism, is multiplied in TV programs or internet sites so often, that the false picture is formed.  Nobody wants to hear about lost fights, about daily humiliations of not being able to assure that your child is taught properly and not discriminated against in many unsettling ways.  If you don’t have a positive story to say, too bad.  It is your fault.  You are getting what you expected.  Yes, it is your fault.  You did not have positive perspective in the first place!

Maybe not. I did not concentrate on positive or negative. I concentrated on simple survival and finding a path that would not cave in under the load I was caring.  Later, I tried to be pragmatic while navigating between  Scylla of all kinds of false treatments and Charybdis of of neglectful attitudes. So no, I did not have any positive perspective.  The matter of fact I did not have any perspective.

If I had any moments of optimism they were put to the test hundred times a week, not by my child, but by those who were paid  to help him.  If the people WHOSE OBLIGATIONS, WHOSE PAID JOBS  are to prepare a child with disability for the future don’t help,  it is still the fault of the parent.  It is the parent who doesn’t know how to work with the teachers, administrators, or agencies.  It is the parent who needs a “calm” advocate, it is the parent who has to be trained how to talk to school.  Luckily, the schools, the state agencies, and non-profit organizations can make a list of better parents.  Parents  who are satisfied and ready to say so. Parents who can easily write about their positive experiences,

So, if you want to be heard, share your positive perspective and  swallow your bitterness mixed with a depressing hopelessness.

However,  the success stories with “positive perspective” don’t make me more cheerful. I am glad they happened somewhere, sometimes to someone, but they cannot be replicated, and that leaves the feeling of failure mixed with a  piercing loneliness and alienation.

It has to be told, that writing unhappy story  is much harder than reporting on successes.  You don’t share the fact that you go through bankruptcy proceeding the same way, you inform about your lottery jackpot.

We under-report the hurt, humiliation, and confusion as if they did not have a right to be witnessed. But they should be known so they could be addressed, maybe even helped.

That is why, I will start writing a very short but multiple stories about events that  frequently drained my optimism about my son’s future.  I will write about those thousand tiny things that kill an elephant before they drain the last ounce of optimism I still, surprisingly, have.

Unwanted

This post was difficult to write.  Mainly because of an emotional knot. It is my strongest conviction that my son was never accepted in our town.  Not when he was 3 years old, not when he was 14, and not now. I partially understood the perspective of the people who rejected him.  I did not approve it but I did understand. The way I wanted to change the attitudes of others was by helping Robert to learn,  I rushed with teaching, hoping that as Robert learns and grows, his acceptance by others would follow.

This was not the case. Robert knows more, understands more, but as long as he is not understood and not given credit for what he had already learned, his knowledge is a heavy, but useless, load.

1. I remember my last conversation with his preschool teacher in the early summer of  1995.  I wanted Robert to participate in the summer special needs preschool program before another placement was found out. The teacher dismissed, almost laughingly, such an outrageous request.  Yes, she tolerated Robert for three months, just after he had left Early Intervention Program. She did her best, she paid close  attention to Robert every single day.  She was always with him  until, that is,  a new student arrived to the classroom a month and a half later.  From that moment on, it was an aide who was assigned to Robert.  Except, Robert did not understand it.  Ignoring a new teacher aide he followed the teacher so relentlessly and obnoxiously that she must have felt suffocated. So, no, she did not want Robert in her summer program. Robert stayed at home.

2. A few years later, Robert was driven twice a week from his Private School to the Public School in Southboro to be included, for an hour, in a typical first grade classroom. Under gentle prompting from the classroom teacher (Mrs. Sparrow, I believe) the students kept admiring Robert’s ability to read, the skill which seemed incompatible with Robert’s extremely limited language. The students learned about diversity and Robert just felt happy.  During the IEP meeting with a representative from our town, I suggested to include Robert in a first grade classroom in our town, with the assistance of the teacher from the Private School. Just for an hour or two a week. That would test waters for possible return to the public school later.  That ideas was, yet again, dismissed.  Robert could be included in Southboro but not in his own town.

3. In 2006 I begged my town to accept Robert just for two hours a day in town’s school.  I felt, he could make it.  After all, he was going with me everywhere I went: to banks, stores, libraries, museums, movies.  Only once, during those four months when Robert stayed at home, there was an incident. In the BIG Y grocery store , I wanted to return an item, as too expensive, after the cashier had scanned it already.  Robert never minded returning an item from a shopping cart but he DID mind returning it from a cash register.   He screamed, he hit his ears, he grabbed the item from the cashier and placed it in the shopping bag.  The cashier calmly reassured me that it was OK, they they did understand Robert’s behavior and that the next time would be better. They reminded me that during previous visit he was always helpful and calm.

Why was my son accepted in a grocery store but not in the school? I couldn’t understand.  Although I cannot divulge what was said during four mediation sessions with school,  the fact, that  it took four months, four sessions of mediation, and a letter to a former commissionaire of education in my state (To which he responded with a strong empathy.) before Robert could join the self contained classroom in the town’s high school for TWO hours a day, speaks for itself.

4.Months before that happened I had gotten a phone call from the previous Special Education Director joyfully suggesting to enroll Robert in a Specific  Private School in Boston area. I almost choked.  The day before this call, all the local news stations and all the local newspapers reported on a case of a SEVERE abuse in that particular school.  There was no way, the special education director would not have that information.  She not only knew that, but she knew that I knew that as well. For the following three years, she was supportive of Robert.  Yet, I never forget that call.

There is so much more to write, about what was said, implied, done, or not done to demonstrate how unwelcome Robert was in his own town, but I have to take a deep breath now and not get entangled in that invisible but sticky web that was spun around Robert to separate him from other students in his class.

During six and a half years since my son returned to public school there were a few people who tolerated my son, but only three of them really wanted him there.  The first was Robert’s aide, Mrs. Scott.
The second one was the school district current (in 2012/2013)special ed director.(she retired in June of 2013)
I was the third.

Mrs. Scott enjoyed working with Robert. Every day (EVERY DAY!), she greeted him with a big smile.   Robert felt welcomed, felt safe, and in the right place. She worked with him diligently.  She accompanied him to lunchroom and made him a center of the group. She seemed happy working with him even during his challenging behaviors, which she was mostly able to defuse.

I wanted Robert in a public school so he could follow a group of his peers, listened to their conversations even if he couldn’t participate. I wanted him to understand high school lives  of his peers, even if he couldn’t share their experiences. I was teaching Robert anything that he could use in his class.

The Special Education Director wanted Robert at the public school to save the town money by avoiding outside placement. But she also wanted to prove that the district was capable of accepting and providing services for students with complex needs.
But proving that was tricky if not impossible.

Mrs. Scott, the  Special Education Director and I, we all, had the same goal.  We all wanted  to keep Robert in school district and having him learn there. We all believed  that with some modifications there were opportunities  for learning.

Unfortunately, the potential was not utilized.  I could pin point to reasons, to neglect, to passive resistance to change, to many other things, but they all point to one general conclusion.  Robert was unwelcome.

Mrs. Scott retired and moved out of state.

I experienced more and more difficulties communicating with the school staff. Upon almost every visit I saw neglect and a lack of will to teach Robert or to even accept him as worth teaching. I was not able to change anything. I was growing bitter and disillusioned. Finally, for the last six months of 2012/2013, I had to force myself to even call the school when there was a need for that. I asked my husband to do that for me. Any way, I failed my son.

The special ed director, although much maligned upon her leaving, did attempt to  make Robert’s program appropriate to him and acceptable to me. She did buy a lot of new curricula materials. She did hired educational consultants to help the teachers understand Robert’s learning needs. But, although considered powerful if not aggressive, she was not a match for passive resistance coming from all sides -teachers, specialists, administrators, and school committee members.
Although, I did blame her for keeping Robert in the program that clearly didn’t work for him, I have to also give her credit for trying to make that program workable. She didn’t have enough money. She did not get a support necessary for smooth installment of changes. She was not a teacher. She was not a therapist. She was not a school committee member. She was not a superintendent. Despite presenting image to the contrary, she has much less power over Robert’s program than one teacher’s aide, who also happened to be a secretary for a School Committee with an access to some of the committee members. Instead the direcotr of Special education made almost everybody her enemy, and became vilified, when she went on retirement. Anyway, she failed my son.
A year after her retiring,in his last year at public school, my son remained as unwanted as he was brfore she arrived.
And the worst part is, nobody really understands the degree to which he or she kept rejecting Robert. After all,nobody lacked him in a iron cage. He was kept away by this thin, silky thread spun around him day after day. Thread hard to see and impossible to escape.

Broken Down

I experienced a lot of difficulties lately writing this blog.  Yes, I am still teaching Robert at least 6 days a week, but I feel  unable to write about it.    Why?  No clear, simple answer. But…

I work on Robert’s language.  Yes, I do feel lost without specialist’s instruction.  I feel overwhelmed by my son’s  huge needs. I know, my English pronunciation  is incorrect, as I learned English myself when I was 32 years old without the help of any English teacher.  But I go on, because nobody else is.

Just yesterday we did:

1. The unit 14 from Problem Solving Activities.  (Great Ideas for Teaching, Inc.) Robert looked at the picture.  With some prompting he described the situation/problem and then assessed the  four possible solutions to the problem as either, good, OK or bad.  It was an exercise in finding proper words to express what he saw and thought.

2. Exercises to practice sound “f” from Speech Improvement Reproducible Masters. (Great Ideas for Teaching) Because of Robert’s  huge issues with pronunciation, clarity, and lengths of sounds such exercises usually help prepare him for saying a few syllables utterances.  Robert did not have a problem with the “f” sound but with cutting the last consonant in each CVC word and with shortening the long vowel in cv words.

3.  We did two stories from Fold and Say Auditory & Story Comprehension. (Super Duper Publication). After Robert listened to me reading him four sentences, he was supposed to answer three simple questions.  It was very hard for him.  It was easier when he read the story himself and then answered questions in writing.  Listening comprehension is still a big problem, as Robert’s understanding of verbal directions is mostly supported by the known environment.  Listening to the story is sort of abstract.

4. Robert followed verbal directions from Listening and Processing Auditory Directions. (Great Ideas for Teaching). He had to circle, color, or underline parts of one of the four pictures.  We did that five and four years ago.  After a long break, Robert needed some practice, but yesterday he was 100% correct.

5. We worked on a couple of pages from Teaching the Language of Time (Circuit Publication). They were devoted to the fact that some activities take place at the same time. ( While some people travel in the plane, children on the ground look up and observe the airplane.)

6. Robert practiced asking questions with the help of Teaching Kids of All Ages to Ask Questions.(Circuit Publication)  Robert already practiced with me asking the same questions orally.  He twice wrote them down on paper, pretending to ask one of his classmates.  Yesterday, we just practiced again asking his classmate the same  questions (What do you like to eat?  What do you like to drink?  where do you like to go on vacation? and so on).  Later, I suggested to Robert to ask his sister the same questions (one at a time).  So we made three trips to her room and Robert asked Amanda.  At first, he was a little uneasy, but after the third trip and question about vacation, he got it!  He was happy to ask and to get an answer. He was happy mainly, that she understood him and promptly answered.

7.To finish with an easy task I returned to No Glamour Sentence Structure (LinguiSystems). We repeated the first unit (we had already went through the book at least once). Robert quickly and without error said 20 sentences, each based on two pictures representing a subject and a predicate.  “The boy is running.”

Robert needs language as a mode of understanding the world around.  He needs to work on pronunciation, as he is still not understood. He needs language  as a tool for thinking.  He needs language as a communication tool.

When I study with Robert and see how VERY,VERY hard he works,  how dedicated he is to his speech improvement, how important it is for him, I feel only great powerful emotions.  I am reinforced or rewarded greatly for my work.

But when I try to write about  our work, our  small stumbles, or surprised progress, I am getting bitter.  As I write many other thoughts come to hunt me and poison me.  I realize how lonely we both are:  Robert and I.  How little he learns at school.  I know how much more Robert could learn with the help of his teacher, speech therapist, and his schoolmates if any of the things we work together were addressed in a small, vocal group. I know, and I become angry.  I tried to suppress my anger, and keep it at bay, but I am not able to do that without hurting myself.  I

I tried so hard to avoid criticism of the school, but as I write, I realize over and over that those skills would be much better addressed if the teaching was done at school, by trained professionals and not by a mother who not only does not have any training in teaching language but who, moreover,  speaks with a foreign accent. How much more would Robert learn and what a big difference that could be for his future.

That is why I am unable to write.

Antipodes

I don’t mean South and North Poles.  I mean the sweating heat of the tropical forest versus  the cool air of Alaska.  Or something like that.

Tropical Forest

Our house required major, emergency repairs.  Contractors came to remove two basement walls and replace them with  new ones.  For Robert that was a major disaster and he expressed clearly his position on  all the stages of the project. Although we, the parents, had predicted Robert’s reactions and tried to plan accordingly to avoid confrontations or disruptions, not everything went according to plan.

We told Robert about the need for a work in the basement.  He said, “OK, OK”.  Nonetheless, knowing better than to rely on Robert’s accepting attitudes, we decided that Robert would leave for Sunapee Mountain before the contractors arrive.  Unfortunately, we were a little late and the contractor was 5 minutes earlier. When Robert was pulling on his ski pants, the first contractor came.

No, Robert could not leave the house knowing that a stranger with tools would stay in Robert’s home doing some unimaginable things without being closely monitored by Robert. At first, Robert approached the situation tactfully.  He said, “Bye, bye.” giving a clear hint that the man should leave. But the man did not get it. Robert handled the man the jacket and his tools.  That did not work either.  So Robert opened the door wide and repeated, “Bye, bye “.  The contractor still did not leave.

I tried to persuade Robert to wait in the car for his dad to finish packing the ski gear.  But I knew I would not be able to do that.  Moreover, even if I did convince Robert to stay in the car, his whole trip  to the Sunapee would be negatively affected.

I knew that Robert was getting more and more upset and impatient.  He wanted to go skiing, but he could not leave knowing that a stranger was left in our house. I suspected he would try to push, contractor out.  As soon as Robert put his hands on a contractor’s jacket, not pushing him yet, but intending to, I knew that it was the time to give up.

Still, you cannot just give up after witnessing such escalating behavior.  So, I pretended that I finally understood Robert.  “Oh, Robert, you want Mr.  Contractor to go, don’t you?”

“Yes, yes, yes”, Robert repeated quickly and eagerly.

“Why didn’t you say so?.  OK, we will ask Mr. Contractor to leave.”  “Leave, leave, leave”,  Repeated Robert happy that he found another mode of persuasion. After all, for Robert, proper words are hard to come by and thus he appreciated my help in  retrieving  them for him.

I made an arrangement  with Chris, the contractor, to leave and come back a few minutes later.  Robert calmed down as soon as he saw the truck leaving the driveway.  He rushed to the car, and off he went.

Alaska

At the Sunapee Mountain, Robert skied with his dad, the instructors, and the volunteers from NEHSA, New England Handicapped Sports Association.

“He is smiling all the way from the top (of the North Peak) to the bottom,” marveled Sandy, his instructor, after the whole day lesson.

“Yes, he is rather pleased”, confirmed, usually reserved, Robert’s dad.

At NEHSA you can sign up for a half a day lesson (two hours) or the whole day lesson (four hours with an hour-long lunch break between two halves.  The $60 pay for the lesson, ski equipment, and lift. After the lesson, the instructor writes a report so the next instructor would have a better understanding of Robert’s skills and issues that might arise.  I could go on about NEHSA for ever, as this organization helped Robert and me survive three years  when Robert’s dad worked in California and thus couldn’t take him skiing.  It is a wonderful, non-profit organization  you can learn more about at  nehsa.org 

Teaching Without Curriculum.

Before I began writing about different math curricula I used  with my son, I have to make a full disclosure about my emotional state in regard to that topic. I feel a lot of anger and confusion.  This anger is the result of those experiences:

1. None of the math textbooks or workbooks I bought for my son was recommended  or even known to school.

2. None of the program my son attended proposed any math curriculum for him. I am grateful that the two schools accepted Saxon Math  which I had been using long before suggesting this program to school.

3.I learned about many math programs from parents’ e-mail lists or later from catalogs, which somehow found a way to my home.

4.The schools tend to use goals (too narrow and too few) written in the IEP  as a reason NOT TO WORK ON ANYTHING ELSE. For a student who has an access to the general education classes, that might be not as confining and disastrous as it is for a student whose whole education has been reduced to IEP goals.

5.Working only on specific math goals in a vacuum, without connecting them to related topics, leads to  many holes in understanding of  the concepts.  Consequently, we demand that children subjected to such approach jump from a stone to a stone while crossing a brook, instead of walking over the bridge made of well-connected and supported boards as their typical peers do with the help of a well designed, comprehensive curriculum.

6.Lack of curriculum forces teachers to search for appropriate pages on internet.  The pages from internet allow for extra practice but not for an introduction of  novel concepts.  Relying on such pages negatively affects teaching, as it leads to mechanical applying of formulas without understanding concepts behind them.  It is not good for the teacher and it is certainly not good for the student. 

7. I suspect, however, that this approach is wholeheartedly supported by the school administration as it saves money.  Instead of buying expensive textbooks and workbooks for students,  the administration relies on teachers to print pages from internet to address narrowly  formulated IEP’s goals. Those goals, I have to emphasize again, are too narrow to result in any meaningful learning. And thus the students who need more to learn, get much, much less than their typical peers.


Not a Laughing Matter

The events, I recorded relatively accurately in Surviving the Doomsday, are serious enough to discuss them further.

1. I said, “Relatively”, because I omitted a few details.  For instance, Amanda made a short comic strip with pictures related to the disappearance of the wallet.  I hoped that seeing someone else taking the wallet would let Robert understand what had happened.  I believed that any explanation would be better than none.

2. It is interesting that having a strong daily routine (studying together with the help of  already prepared worksheets)  helped, at least  temporarily, to deal with the break of another routine/or routine attachment.

3.The fact that Robert accepted so easily  dad’s departure for work seemed to indicate, that it was a calming and reassuring for Robert to know that other routines (and other people routines) remained unbroken.

4. For almost a year before the wallet was gone, I had been concerned about Robert’s attachment to the wallet.  A few times I suggested to him that he should get a new wallet. Robert reacted with a forceful indignation.  So I delayed the time of unavoidable confrontation until the time I would feel calm and strong enough to face it.  I postponed for too long.

5. Had I replaced Robert’s wallet  sooner, a few things might be different:

a.I would be emotionally prepared for the outcome. When the wallet disappeared, I was in a state of panic. That is not a good state when you have to handle unpredictable consequences. I was stressed and it showed.

b. The wallet would not disappear, but be replaced by another one with Robert’s  full knowledge.  Although Robert would still protest vehemently, he would at least know where the old wallet was.  Consequently, Robert’s anxiety would be lower, although his resolve not to give up might be even stronger. I would reduce Robert’s anxiety even at the cost of stronger protests.

c. Having his cards transferred from one wallet to another would make it easier to understand the fact that the new wallet is assigned the same function the yellow wallet had.  Robert would, probably, remove the cards a few times, but the idea that the cards should be in a new wallet would slowly sink in. Placing entirely new card (McDonald’s gift card instead of a bank card and an  ID card which were gone with the yellow wallet) was more like a symbolic gesture than a real transfer.

d. I would give Robert an option of either attending a preferable activity (skiing, eating in favorite restaurant) WITH a NEW WALLET or staying at home.  Given my prior experiences, including the one which I described in Negotiations , it would take a lot of convincing but no more than two hours of time.  After going outside even once with a new wallet, Robert would not have problems taking it again.

e.  Knowing, from experience, that one wallet can be replaced by another, would make Robert’s reaction   to its sudden disappearance weaker and more flexible.

The yellow wallet was an eye sore.  It was also very uncomfortable.  It was difficult to squeeze the cards in or take them out; the money kept falling out.  I should have the courage to convince (?) Robert to replace it sooner. It would not be easy, but it would be much less stressful for all of us than dealing with an unplanned crisis.

The good rule is to intervene as soon as too strong, unhealthy habit is forming.

It is a very good rule indeed. However,  not an easy one to follow.

Surviving the Doomsday, Sort Of

Between 8 AM and 2 PM on Tuesday, January 29, Robert’s yellow wallet disappeared from his locker.  And thus the world, as Robert knew it, came to an end.  The simple and pleasant world where the things stay in those places that one left them.  The world in which yellow wallet kept in the right packet of Robert’s jeans, provided constant comfort and support every time  Robert left the safety of his home or his school.That predictable, safe  world was gone.

Just like that.  POOF!

Robert refused to go on the school bus to return  home. The ride would feel too disturbing and/or too dangerous as the rules were broken and one would not know what to expect even in familiar places.  He was, however,  persuaded to go home with his mother.  He complied mainly to explore the possibility, suggested by his teacher,  that the wallet might be miraculously transferred to Robert’s home. Robert came home and checked the shelf by the door.

The yellow wallet was not there.

It was serious.

It was not the  time to eat.  It was not the time to watch Barney on the IPAD.

It was not the time to  take a sip of  soda.

It was the time to restore  the balance of the universe by calling on the yellow wallet to come back to its place..

So Robert turned to the only representatives of the World he had access to: his mother and his sister.  Repeating hundred times per minute, “Yellow wallet, yellow wallet… (….) yellow wallet” he clearly expressed his determination.  He wrote on big and small pieces of paper, “Yellow wallet.” He typed on Speak It on his IPAD, “Yellow wallet”.

The world, did not give back the yellow wallet.

Robert’s mother tried to fool him by showing him a brown, leather wallet of the same size.  Was she kidding?

Robert’s sister attempted to cheat him by bringing from the store a new, black, fabric wallet.  Exactly like the one which disappeared, except for the color. That was not the way to repair broken world.  Robert placed the new wallet in its shiny box and gave it back to Amanda.   She should know better than that.

Robert voice got louder and louder.  He shortened sounds  to “yell wall”, but added a dramatic pitch. He was hurting and made sure we realized that.

After learning about the doom of Robert’s world, his dad took earlier train and on the way bought  McDonald’s gift card.  He tried to place it in the brown wallet.  Robert took it out.  Wrong wallet, wrong card.  Robert wanted his debit card and his public transportation MBTA card.

He still did not want to eat.  He still did not want to watch Barney.  He did not want soda.  He wanted the pillar of the universe – the dirty, old, yellow wallet to return to its place. “Yell wall, Yell wall, yell wall……”  Dad locked himself in his office with an excuse of finishing his work assignment.

I continued to explain to Robert, that the brown wallet was nicer, that the bank would give him a new card.  That everything would be fine. Robert did not want to argue with me.  He smiled insincerely and said, “OK, OK.”  Then with a key we didn’t even know it existed, he unlocked dad’s  door from outside.  He knew that dad would be the first to give up to his demands.  “YellOW waLLET” he said as clearly as he could.  Dad responded evasively and meekly with vague promises about tomorrow.

Not quite enough, but at least some hope. !

I showed Robert his worksheets.  They were part of his evening  routine.  Maybe hoping that by fulfilling his daily obligation  he would convince the world to do the right thing and give him his yellow wallet back, maybe for some other reason, but Robert started working.  He worked for three hours with a few minutes long breaks during which he ran to Dad. “Yellow wallet, yellow wallet.”   After every break, Robert returned to the table and continued his work. It was the only time that evening when all four of us (including Robert) regained partial sanity.

Soon it was gone.

It was a good sign that Robert  took a bath and  put on his pajamas.  But then we realized that his compliance was a part of the scheme, he concocted. He went to bed to accelerate arrival of “Tomorrow. Robert got up every few minutes and ran to his dad demanding that he kept is promise.  After all Robert closed his eyes, and that meant the tomorrow had arrived.  Dad promised to find the yellow wallet “TOMORROW”. So, where was it?

Over and over, until one or two AM.  More and more persistent and angry.

Only the threat, “If you don’t go to bed, no school tomorrow” forced him to return to bed.  For five minutes.

At 2 AM I fell asleep.  I was awaken by loud, mad scream at 4 AM.  YELLOW WALLET!!!!!!.

I couldn’t sleep after that, but surprisingly Robert could.  I did not wake him until his dad left for work.  That was a mean thing to do, but the only way to reduce the number of desperate calls for dad to find the yellow wallet.

As soon as Robert woke up, he started calling for his dad to keep his promise.  Dad was at work.  Robert could accept that.  When I drove Robert to school, two hours later than usually, he took his brown wallet with McDonald’s gift card and $1 bill with him.  Good sign.  The school put locks on the lockers.  Another good sign.

At school, according to the note, Robert kept asking for the yellow wallet but was relatively successfully redirected to academic work.

He came home happy.  He ate a snack, he drank coke, he watched movies on his IPAD and even danced with IPAD in his arms. He laughed a lot. He kept asking for dad.  He was happy to have him home.  Once he asked for a yellow wallet but did not insist.

24 hours passed since the yellow wallet disappeared and the world did not end.

It was not the end, after all. It was the metamorphosis.

Rebirth!

Time to celebrate!

And sleep.

Resisting the Attack of the Questions. Teach First, Ask Later

I was watching a speech pathologist working with my son.  She had almost the same approach I had when I taught Robert at home. The difference was that her pronunciation was better than my, forever foreign, accent would allow. She had a warm, clear voice. She was addressing Robert’s deficits. And yet I became concerned.  I noticed something which I had never noticed when I worked with Robert. If I did not, it was because  concerned with reaching goals, managing behavior,  and mentally recording errors,   I did not look at myself calmly and objectively enough. She and I, we both, asked too many questions. And thus our teaching was reduced to checking what Robert doesn’t know.  We addressed the gaps in his language AFTER we discovered them.  It never occurred  to me, that I was checking Robert’s knowledge BEFORE I taught him related concepts. I should have known better.  I heard it loud and clear at least three times before.

1. I heard it at the  PCDI Conference:

Even before the conference I was aware of  the benefits of the most to least prompting. This prompting was used with Robert after the least to most prompting did not produce results.  When asked, “Do this” while paired with a therapist’s clapping her hands, Robert  responded with the whole repertoire of gestures he previously had learned: clapping, patting his head, and touching his nose. For Robert, “Do this” meant, “Do something”. Since he did not know which particular “something” he should do, he aimed for everything assuming that one of the gestures had to do the trick.

Although the conference solidified my conviction that this sort of prompts was the most beneficial for Robert, I still did not realize  that the most to least prompting, was a  form of a very basic teaching approach:  Teach first, ask later.

During this conference, I also recognized, for the first time, the negative impact the questions can have on slowly emerging skills. I watched a short movie clip presenting  a girl showing a picture to a teacher. She had made this picture  a few minutes before and, at the request of her therapist, she went to show her picture to another person.  That was an exercise in  social skills and communication. The other teacher did not ask, “What is it?” or “Who is that”  etc. The teacher complemented the girl and elaborated on the picture.    I remember the advice of the conference presenter, “Don’t ask what it is.  The student already made an effort.  Don’t punish her by asking questions.  Complement her.  Reward her with verbal prize.   Elaborate, if possible, on the picture’s message. Made the student  feel good not only about drawing a picture but also about showing it to you.”

As I understood then, the presenters wanted to show how not to intimidate a student who initiates communication.  Because the questions required answer which the student was not able to form yet, they were quite  punishing, intimidating, and confusing. Drawing a picture and talking about it are two completely different skills.

I think, that by commenting and elaborating on the picture, the teacher was also presenting the student with the model of how to talk about her artwork.  The teacher was teaching before asking.

2. I heard it from  Bridget Taylor during her short workshop at SNCARC in Westwood.

“If your son (or daughter) doesn’t come to you, when you call him, don’t repeat the request again.  Go to him, take his hand, bring him to the place he was supposed to come to and tell him, “This means come here.”  ”

It was such a simple advice, and such an eye opener.  We should demonstrate what “come here” means before demanding over and over, “Come here! Come here Now!! Come right now!!!!! If I remember correctly,  Bridget Taylor explained, that if we repeat ten times the same request with increased volumes, we will teach that “Come here” doesn’t mean anything if it is not followed by ten other irritated requests.

Again, it was another variation of the same simple rule: Teach first, ask later or… The most to the least prompting

3. I heard it reiterated again, during Carbone’s Verbal Behavior Conference.

That is when I learned about a simple tool of installing novel language concepts:   The teacher asks, immediately provides an answer, and repeats the question.  Student answers.

Teacher: -What is this? A train.  What is this?-

Student -A train.-

It should be  clear that the first question is really not a question  but it is a element of instruction about how to answer this question. Thus,  it is another variant of  “Teach first, ask later.” and  (AGAIN) of the   most to least prompting.  The student has minimal opportunity to  make an error.  This simple verbal construct reduced a lot of stress associated with unsuccessful teaching and, in Robert’s case,  led to increase in his vocabulary.

If  I feel the need to write about something as basic as “Teach first, ask later.” it is because this approach is quickly becoming extinct.

I have to admit, that the most to least approach seemed almost contra intuitive to me. I doubted if it would have ever worked.  It did.  It brought quick results when nothing else worked.

Before PCDI conference, I was eager to ask Robert many questions.  The fact that he could not talk did not make any difference.  I was asking because I did not know any other alternative.  Moreover, I was anxious and I had to check if Robert STILL does not know how to answer.  

Later, I observed what happened when Robert presented his “artwork” or “homework” to dad or any other relatives.  At the sound of the first question, he turned back and left. Although I knew it was not a good reaction to Robert’s communicative attempt,  it was hard for me to convince others to use PCDI approach.  I guess the questions are imprinted in all of us as the first communicative reaction.

I was the one, who, before Bridget Taylor workshop, exhausted myself with calling my son many times before going to him and bringing him to the place he should have come on his own. After the workshop, less than a week sufficed to reduce to one the number of calling Robert to come to me.

If I did not fail  teaching Robert new concepts through “traditional” (?) methods, I would have considered the Verbal Behavior’s  tool of introducing new words artificial and redundant and would not apply it.

In our world, there is not way to escape questions.  They are everywhere. Questions are the hooks which allow one person to attach herself  or himself to another.  Even when we introduce ourselves, we really answer unspoken question about who we are. Yes, there is no escaping questions.  They have to be taught at some point.  But even with questions, we have to teach them, before asking them.

???????????